chore(workspace): Rust-воркспейс + скелет shturman-common

- workspace (resolver 2; members растут по планам)
- rust-toolchain 1.96.0; tracing-journald cfg-gated на Linux (кросс-платформенность)
- shturman-common: модули-скелеты paths/atomic/clock/log

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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Cargo.toml

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+[workspace]
+resolver = "2"
+# Члены растут по планам реализации. crates/core, crates/apps, crates/tools —
+# группировка привилегированного ядра / first-party-апов / dev-инструментов (architecture §3).
+members = ["crates/shturman-common"]
+
+[workspace.package]
+edition = "2021"
+license = "MIT"
+rust-version = "1.96"
+
+[workspace.dependencies]
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["rt-multi-thread", "macros", "signal", "sync", "time"] }
+zbus = "4"
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+serde_yaml = "0.9"
+tracing = "0.1"
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
+tracing-journald = "0.3"
+anyhow = "1"
+thiserror = "1"
+clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
+# dev
+tempfile = "3"
+# slint — добавляется в Плане 4 (вместе с slint GPL-3.0 exception в deny.toml)

crates/shturman-common/Cargo.toml

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+[package]
+name = "shturman-common"
+version = "0.0.0"
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+tracing.workspace = true
+tracing-subscriber.workspace = true
+thiserror.workspace = true
+
+# journald — только Linux (на dev-Mac/в CI-non-Linux init_tracing падает в stderr)
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
+tracing-journald.workspace = true
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tempfile.workspace = true

crates/shturman-common/src/atomic.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+//! Durable atomic write — power-safe #5 (наполняется в Task 3).

crates/shturman-common/src/clock.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+//! Монотонные часы — B §8 (наполняется в Task 4).

crates/shturman-common/src/lib.rs

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+//! Общая инфраструктура Штурмана: layout `/data`, durable-write, монотонные часы, логи.
+//! Не зависит от других крейтов проекта — фундамент для ядра и апов.
+
+pub mod atomic;
+pub mod clock;
+pub mod log;
+pub mod paths;
+
+// re-export для эргономики добавляется в Task 5, когда все символы определены.

crates/shturman-common/src/log.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+//! Инициализация логирования — A10 (наполняется в Task 5).

crates/shturman-common/src/paths.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+//! Канонические пути персистентного раздела `/data` (наполняется в Task 2).

rust-toolchain.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[toolchain]
+channel = "1.96.0"
+components = ["rustfmt", "clippy"]